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📋 Updated for 2025

GCC Nursing Certifications Guide 2025

Which certifications boost your salary, which are required, and how to get certified while working in the Gulf

25+ Certifications Covered Salary Impact Shown GCC Recognition Status Study Resources Included
Calculate Your Salary Potential → Career Progression Guide
Why It Matters

Certifications Are the Currency of GCC Nursing

GCC hospitals are among the most certification-driven in the world — here's why that works in your favour.

💰
15–30%
Salary premium for certified nurses at top GCC hospitals — often paid as a monthly allowance on top of base salary
🏆
JCIA Mandate
JCIA accreditation requires a defined percentage of specialty-certified nurses per clinical unit — hospitals must hit this target
🚀
#1 Factor
Certifications are the single biggest factor in promotion to Charge Nurse, CNS, and Nurse Manager in GCC hospitals
How this plays out in practice: The majority of major GCC hospitals — in UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman — hold JCIA (Joint Commission International Accreditation). JCIA standards require hospitals to maintain a measurable ratio of specialty-certified nurses in each clinical area. This means hospital HR departments are not just supportive of certifications — they are actively required to fund and track them. Many hospitals allocate a dedicated certification budget per nurse, and senior nurses without specialty certifications are increasingly passed over for promotion regardless of experience. Getting certified is not optional for career advancement in GCC.
What You Must Have

Mandatory vs. Recommended Certifications

Some certifications are non-negotiable across all GCC countries. Others are strongly recommended for your specialty.

🔴 Always Required

BLS — Basic Life Support (AHA) Required for every nurse in every GCC country before starting work. Must renew every 2 years. No exceptions — even if your role is administrative.
ACLS — Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (AHA) Required for ICU, CCU, and ER nurses across all GCC countries. Qatar (HMC) and Saudi Arabia (MOH/MNGHA) enforce this strictly. Renewal every 2 years.
Full Certification Library

20+ Certifications Reviewed for GCC Nurses

Click any card to expand full details including exam format, salary impact, and study resources. Sorted by GCC relevance within each category.

Category 1 Basic Life Support & Emergency
BLS
Basic Life Support
American Heart Association (AHA)
✓ Required
📋 30 Questions ⏱ 2-hr course 🔄 2-yr renewal 💵 $15–30 📚 1–2 hrs study
⚠ No salary premium — but mandatory before employment starts
View full details

Who Needs It

Every nurse in every GCC country without exception. Required before license activation in UAE (DHA/HAAD/MOH), Saudi Arabia (SCFHS), Qatar (QCHP), Kuwait (MOH), Bahrain (NHRA), and Oman (MOH).

GCC Recognition

AHA BLS is universally accepted across all GCC licensing authorities. ARC (Australian) and RCUK (UK) equivalents are generally accepted but may require AHA re-certification in some hospitals.

Exam Format

30-question written test + hands-on skills assessment (CPR on mannequin, AED use). Minimum pass score: 84%. HeartCode BLS (fully online) accepted at most GCC hospitals.

How to Get It in GCC

Available at: AHA Training Centers inside most large GCC hospitals, Laerdal simulation labs, Red Crescent centers (UAE), and online via HeartCode BLS at heart.org.

Study Resources

  • AHA HeartCode BLS — online self-study + skills check-off (heart.org)
  • AHA BLS Provider Handbook (free PDF available)
  • Your hospital's simulation lab — most GCC hospitals run BLS sessions monthly
ACLS
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support
American Heart Association (AHA)
✓ Required ICU/ER
📋 50Q + Skills ⏱ 1–2 day course 🔄 2-yr renewal 💵 $150–300 📚 8–15 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,000–2,000/mo for senior ICU/ER roles; required for Band 5+
View full details

Who Needs It

Required for all ICU, CCU, HDU, and Emergency Department nurses. Also required for PACU, Cardiac Cath Lab, and any unit that manages cardiac arrest. Qatar HMC and Saudi KFSH enforce this for all critical care nurses on hire.

GCC Recognition

AHA ACLS is the gold standard and recognised at every hospital across all 6 GCC countries. No alternative is equally recognised — if you have a non-AHA equivalent, expect to be asked to recertify.

Exam Format

Written exam (50 questions, pass score 84%) + MEGA code skills station. Tests ACLS algorithms including VF/VT, PEA, asystole, tachycardia, bradycardia management. HeartCode ACLS online available.

Salary Impact Detail

ACLS is often listed as a hiring requirement rather than a bonus — meaning nurses without it are not considered. In practice this means the salary differential shows up when comparing offers: ACLS-certified nurses command higher base offers and qualify for senior positions that pay AED 1,000–2,000 more per month.

Study Resources

  • AHA HeartCode ACLS — online module + local skills session (heart.org)
  • ACLS Medical Training free algorithms cheat sheet (aclsmedicaltraining.com)
  • Laerdal ACLS simulator apps
  • Dr. Joe ACLS algorithm videos on YouTube
PALS
Paediatric Advanced Life Support
American Heart Association (AHA)
✓ Required Paeds/PICU
📋 50Q + Skills ⏱ 2-day course 🔄 2-yr renewal 💵 $150–300 📚 10–20 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,000–2,000/mo — required for PICU and Paediatric ER senior roles
View full details

Who Needs It

Paediatrics ward nurses, PICU, NICU, Paediatric ER, and general ER nurses who manage paediatric patients. Often required before working independently in paediatric units at JCIA hospitals.

GCC Recognition

AHA PALS universally accepted. Recognised at all JCIA-accredited children's hospitals including Sidra Medicine (Qatar), KFSH (Saudi), Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, NMC, and Mediclinic.

Exam Format

Written exam (50 questions) + multiple skills stations testing recognition of respiratory emergencies, shock, arrhythmias, and paediatric cardiac arrest algorithms. Case-based simulations included.

Study Resources

  • AHA HeartCode PALS online (heart.org)
  • PALS Pocket Reference Card — Laerdal
  • Ditch Doctor PALS algorithm videos (YouTube)
  • Paediatric critical care textbook (Hazinski)
NRP
Neonatal Resuscitation Program
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
✓ Required NICU/L&D
📋 Skills-based ⏱ 1-day course 🔄 2-yr renewal 💵 $100–200 📚 4–8 hrs study
💰 Required for NICU/L&D — unlocks specialty allowance of +AED 800–1,500/mo
View full details

Who Needs It

All NICU nurses, Labour & Delivery nurses, midwives, and any nurse who may attend deliveries or manage newborns in the delivery room. Most GCC NICU units will not roster you without current NRP.

GCC Recognition

AAP NRP recognised at all GCC hospitals with NICU and maternity services. Sidra Women's (Qatar), King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, and UAE Women's Hospitals all require NRP for NICU/L&D roles.

Exam Format

Online written module (eSim scenarios) + hands-on skills check-off including positive pressure ventilation, endotracheal intubation assistance, and chest compressions on neonatal mannequin. No traditional written exam — scenario-based.

Study Resources

  • AAP NRP eSim online modules (aap.org)
  • Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation — AAP 8th edition
  • NRP algorithm wall chart (free download via AAP)
Category 2 Critical Care & Specialty Certifications
CCRN
Critical Care Registered Nurse
AACN (American Association of Critical-Care Nurses)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 150 Questions ⏱ 3 hours 🔄 3-yr renewal 💵 $230 (AACN member) 📚 100–200 hrs study
💰 +AED 2,000–4,000/mo at senior ICU level — highest-value cert for critical care nurses
View full details

Who Needs It

Adult ICU nurses with at least 1,750 hours of direct care of acutely/critically ill patients in the past 2 years (875 hours in the most recent year). The most sought-after certification for ICU nurses in GCC.

Eligibility

Current RN license + 1,750 hours of direct care of acutely/critically ill patients within the past 2 years, with 875 of those hours in the year preceding application.

GCC Recognition

Recognised at all JCIA-accredited hospitals. Particularly valued at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Sidra Medicine, American Hospital Dubai, and Saudi German Hospital Group. Many hospitals list CCRN as preferred in senior ICU job postings.

Exam Format

150 multiple-choice questions (25 are unscored pretest items). 3-hour computer-based exam via Pearson VUE. Pass score approximately 87/125 scored items. Content areas: cardiovascular (17%), pulmonary (15%), neurology (12%), musculoskeletal/renal/GI/endocrine/hematology/multisystem.

Salary Impact Detail

In UAE top-tier hospitals, CCRN-certified nurses at senior/clinical lead level earn AED 2,000–4,000 more per month than uncertified equivalents. Some hospitals pay this as a direct monthly certification allowance. In Saudi Arabia (KFSH, NGHA), CCRN is a key differentiator for Band 6/7 ICU roles.

Study Resources

  • Barron's CCRN Exam Flash Cards
  • AACN Pass CCRN — official study book (aacn.org)
  • Archer Review CCRN ($69 — highly rated by GCC nurses)
  • Laura Gasparis Vonfrolio CCRN video series
  • CCRN Practice Q-bank — NursingCom
CNRN
Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse
ABNN (American Board of Neuroscience Nursing)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 200 Questions ⏱ 4 hours 🔄 5-yr renewal 💵 $295 📚 120–180 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,500–2,500/mo for Neuro ICU / Stroke Unit senior roles
View full details

Who Needs It

Nurses working in neuroscience ICU, neuro step-down, stroke units, and neurosurgery. King Fahad Medical City (Riyadh) and Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi's Neurological Institute list CNRN as preferred for senior neuro nurses.

Eligibility

Current RN license + 1 year of neuroscience nursing experience (at least 1,600 hours).

Exam Format

200 multiple-choice questions over 4 hours. Content covers neurological assessment, stroke, brain injury, spinal cord injury, neurological pharmacology, and rehabilitation. Taken via Prometric testing centers (available in UAE, Saudi, Qatar).

Study Resources

  • ABNN CNRN Candidate Handbook + official blueprint
  • Core Curriculum for Neuroscience Nursing — AANN
  • AANN online review course
CEN
Certified Emergency Nurse
BCEN (Board of Certification for Emergency Nursing)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 175 Questions ⏱ 3 hours 🔄 4-yr renewal 💵 $275 📚 80–150 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,500–3,000/mo for senior ER/trauma nurse roles at Level 1 trauma centres
View full details

Who Needs It

Emergency Department nurses at all levels. In GCC, Level 1 trauma centres (Rashid Hospital Dubai, Hamad General Hospital Doha, King Khalid Medical City Riyadh) strongly prefer CEN-certified nurses for senior and charge nurse positions.

Eligibility

Current RN license. No minimum experience required to sit the exam, but recommended to have at least 2 years ER experience before attempting.

Exam Format

175 multiple-choice questions (25 unscored), 3 hours. Content: cardiovascular emergencies (13%), respiratory (11%), neurological (11%), trauma (17%), GI/GU, toxicology, shock, and more. Computerised via Pearson VUE.

Study Resources

  • ENA Official CEN Review Manual (ena.org)
  • Sheehy's Emergency Nursing — 7th edition
  • TNS (Trauma Nursing Specialty) flash card sets
  • BCEN practice exams (bcen.org)
CNOR
Certified Perioperative Nurse
CCI (Competency & Credentialing Institute)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 200 Questions ⏱ 3.5 hours 🔄 5-yr renewal 💵 $295 📚 100–160 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,500–2,500/mo for senior scrub/circulating roles; preferred at private surgical centres
View full details

Who Needs It

OR/perioperative nurses including scrub nurses, circulating nurses, and PACU nurses. Highly valued at GCC surgical hospitals and day surgery centres where OR throughput is high.

Eligibility

Current RN license + 2 years (minimum 2,400 hours) of perioperative nursing experience with at least 50% in intraoperative nursing.

Exam Format

200 multiple-choice questions. Content includes preoperative patient assessment, intraoperative nursing care, postoperative nursing, instrumentation, patient safety, and OR management principles.

Study Resources

  • CNOR Prep — official CCI guide (cc-institute.org)
  • Periop 101 — AORN online perioperative nursing course
  • Alexander's Care of the Patient in Surgery textbook
ONC
Oncology Certified Nurse
ONCC (Oncology Nursing Certification Corporation)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 165 Questions ⏱ 3 hours 🔄 4-yr renewal 💵 $330 📚 80–130 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,500–2,500/mo at oncology centres — King Hussein Cancer Centre network, KFSH Oncology
View full details

Who Needs It

Oncology ward and outpatient infusion nurses. With GCC governments heavily investing in cancer centres (NCI-UAE, KFSH Oncology, Hamad Oncology), ONC-certified nurses are in high demand and short supply.

Eligibility

Current RN license + 1 year of experience in oncology nursing + at least 1,000 hours in oncology practice within the past 2.5 years.

Exam Format

165 questions (150 scored), 3 hours. Content covers symptom management, disease/treatment, oncologic emergencies, palliative care, and oncology pharmacology.

Study Resources

  • ONS/ONCC Official ONC Study Guide
  • Chemotherapy and Biotherapy Guidelines — ONS
  • ONS online learning modules (ons.org)
CDN
Certified Dialysis Nurse
NNCC (Nephrology Nursing Certification Commission)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 150 Questions ⏱ 3 hours 🔄 4-yr renewal 💵 $295 📚 60–100 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,200–2,000/mo — dialysis units in GCC have chronic nurse shortages, CDN-certified nurses command premium
View full details

Who Needs It

Haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and nephrology nurses. GCC has extremely high rates of diabetes and hypertension → high ESRD prevalence → chronic shortage of dialysis nurses. CDN certification is a major differentiator.

Eligibility

Current RN license + 2 years of nephrology nursing experience including a minimum of 2,000 hours of direct patient care in nephrology.

Study Resources

  • ANNA Core Curriculum for Nephrology Nursing
  • NNCC CDN Candidate Handbook (nncc-exam.org)
  • Dialysis nursing study guide — NephCure resources
CPEN
Certified Paediatric Emergency Nurse
BCEN (Board of Certification for Emergency Nursing)
✓ Some hospitals
📋 175 Questions ⏱ 3 hours 🔄 4-yr renewal 💵 $275 📚 80–130 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,000–1,800/mo at specialist children's hospitals (Sidra, KFSHRC Paeds)
View full details

Who Needs It

Paediatric ER nurses at dedicated children's hospitals. Most valuable at Sidra Medicine (Qatar), King Faisal Specialist Hospital Paediatrics Division, Dubai Rashid Hospital Paediatric ER.

Exam Format

175 questions, 3 hours. Paediatric-specific emergency content including paediatric assessment, respiratory emergencies, cardiac conditions, trauma, and toxicology in children. Computerised via Pearson VUE.

Study Resources

  • ENA CPEN Review Manual
  • Paediatric Emergency Medicine textbook — Fleisher & Ludwig
  • BCEN practice exams (bcen.org)
CPAN / CAPA
Certified Post Anaesthesia Nurse / Certified Ambulatory Perianesthesia Nurse
ABPANC (American Board of Perianesthesia Nursing Certification)
✓ Some hospitals
📋 200 Questions ⏱ 3.5 hours 🔄 3-yr renewal 💵 $295 📚 80–120 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,000–2,000/mo for PACU/pre-op lead roles at major surgical hospitals
View full details

Who Needs It

PACU (Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit) nurses and pre-operative assessment nurses. Valued at high-volume surgical hospitals with busy PACU throughput, particularly private hospital groups in UAE and Saudi Arabia.

Exam Format

CPAN: 200 questions focused on immediate post-anaesthesia nursing. CAPA: 200 questions focused on ambulatory/day surgery perianesthesia nursing. Both computerised. Minimum 1,800 hours perianesthesia experience required.

Study Resources

  • ASPAN Perianesthesia Nursing Core Curriculum
  • ABPANC study resources (cpancapa.org)
  • PeriAnesthesia Nursing — Odom-Forren textbook
Category 3 Advanced & Specialist Certifications
CCRN-K
CCRN Knowledge — Non-Bedside Critical Care
AACN
✓ Some hospitals
📋 150 Questions ⏱ 3 hours 🔄 3-yr renewal 💵 $230 📚 80–120 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,200–2,000/mo for ICU educators, clinical coordinators and quality nurses
View full details

Who Needs It

ICU nurses who have moved to non-bedside roles — educators, clinical resource nurses, quality coordinators, and case managers with a critical care background. Allows maintenance of CCRN-level knowledge credential without bedside practice hours.

Eligibility

Current RN + 5 years of critical care nursing with at least 2,000 hours in the past 5 years in a non-bedside critical care role (education, research, management, quality improvement).

Study Resources

  • Same resources as CCRN — Archer Review, Barron's
  • AACN Synergy Model for Patient Care
CWON
Certified Wound Ostomy Continence Nurse
WOCNCB (Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing Certification Board)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 Programme + Exam ⏱ 3–6 month programme 🔄 5-yr renewal 💵 $1,500–4,000 (programme) 📚 Full WOC programme
💰 +AED 2,000–3,500/mo — WOC nurses are rare and highly sought in GCC hospital networks
View full details

Who Needs It

Wound care nurses, stoma care nurses, and continence advisors. GCC hospitals — particularly those running large oncology, surgical, and geriatric services — urgently need CWON-certified nurses. Supply is very low relative to demand.

Pathway

Must complete an accredited WOC Nursing Education Programme (WOCNEP) — typically 3–6 months, available online via Emory University, Mount Royal University, and others. Then sit the WOCNCB certification exam.

GCC Opportunity

CWON nurses in GCC often operate with a high level of autonomy running dedicated wound care clinics. Several JCIA hospitals in UAE and Saudi Arabia fund the entire WOC programme cost. The shortage means CWON holders regularly negotiate directly for salary packages.

Study Resources

  • WOCN Society Core Curriculum
  • Accredited WOCNEP programmes (Emory, Mount Royal)
  • WOCNCB practice questions (wocncb.org)
CIC
Certified in Infection Control
CBIC (Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 150 Questions ⏱ 3.5 hours 🔄 5-yr renewal 💵 $275 📚 80–130 hrs study
🔥 HIGH DEMAND post-COVID — +AED 2,000–4,000/mo for IPC Nurse Specialist roles at major GCC hospitals
View full details

Who Needs It

Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) nurses and coordinators. Post-COVID, every JCIA-accredited hospital in GCC is required to have a sufficient number of credentialed IPC professionals. CIC-certified nurses are in extremely high demand with very limited supply.

Eligibility

Current healthcare licence + minimum 2 years of infection prevention practice (can include clinical practice with IPC responsibilities) + currently working in an IPC role or closely related position.

Exam Format

150 multiple-choice questions over 3.5 hours. Content: surveillance and epidemiologic investigation (30%), prevention and control of transmission (26%), employee and occupational health (6%), environment of care (9%), management and communication (13%), education and research (16%).

Study Resources

  • APIC Text of Infection Control and Epidemiology (official text)
  • CBIC CIC Exam Content Outline (cbic.org)
  • APIC online learning modules (apic.org)
  • CIC practice questions — Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CNML
Certified Nurse Manager and Leader
AONL (American Organization for Nursing Leadership)
✓ Some hospitals
📋 Portfolio + Exam ⏱ Self-paced 🔄 4-yr renewal 💵 $350–500 📚 80–120 hrs prep
💰 +AED 2,500–5,000/mo at Charge Nurse / Nurse Manager level — validates leadership capability
View full details

Who Needs It

Aspiring or current Charge Nurses, Nurse Managers, and senior clinical leads. GCC hospitals with JCI accreditation increasingly require nursing leaders to hold management credentials. CNML signals readiness for leadership roles.

Pathway

Complete the AONL Nurse Manager and Leader Certification programme. Covers finance, HR, performance management, systems thinking, and patient safety. Exam is 100 questions taken at Pearson VUE centres.

Study Resources

  • AONL CNML Certification Study Guide
  • The Nurse Manager's Guide to Budgeting and Finance
  • AONL online webinars and learning modules
CPHQ
Certified Professional in Healthcare Quality
NAHQ (National Association for Healthcare Quality)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 140 Questions ⏱ 3 hours 🔄 2-yr renewal 💵 $385 📚 80–120 hrs study
💰 +AED 2,000–4,500/mo for JCIA-facing quality improvement and accreditation roles
View full details

Who Needs It

Quality improvement nurses, patient safety officers, and nurses working in accreditation and JCIA preparation. As GCC hospitals spend millions on maintaining JCIA accreditation, quality-credentialed nurses hold significant leverage in salary negotiations.

Eligibility

No mandatory experience requirement — anyone working in healthcare quality can sit the exam. However, 2+ years in a quality role is recommended.

Exam Format

140 multiple-choice questions, 3 hours, computerised. Content: Organisational leadership (25%), health data analytics (20%), patient safety (20%), performance and process improvement (25%), regulatory and accreditation (10%).

Study Resources

  • NAHQ CPHQ Study Guide (nahq.org)
  • Healthcare Quality Handbook — NAHQ
  • Quality improvement coursework (Coursera — Johns Hopkins)
  • NAHQ online practice exams
Category 4 Neonatal & Women's Health
RNC-NIC
Registered Nurse Certified — Neonatal Intensive Care
NCC (National Certification Corporation)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 175 Questions ⏱ 3 hours 🔄 3-yr renewal 💵 $225–275 📚 100–180 hrs study
💰 +AED 2,000–3,500/mo for Level III NICU senior nurses — premium specialty with low supply
View full details

Who Needs It

Level II and Level III NICU nurses. GCC's expanding neonatal services — particularly at Sidra Medicine (Qatar's Level IV NICU), KFSH NICU, and Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi — actively recruit for RNC-NIC holders and pay a meaningful premium.

Eligibility

Current RN license + 2 years and 2,000 hours of neonatal intensive care nursing experience within the past 3 years.

Exam Format

175 questions (150 scored), 3 hours. Content: neonatal assessment (25%), neonatal pathophysiology and management (45%), neonatal pharmacology (10%), family-centred care (10%), professional issues (10%).

Study Resources

  • Core Curriculum for Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing — AACN/NCC
  • Merenstein & Gardner's Handbook of Neonatal Intensive Care
  • NCC online practice questions (nccwebsite.org)
RNC-MNN
Registered Nurse Certified — Maternal Newborn Nursing
NCC (National Certification Corporation)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 175 Questions ⏱ 3 hours 🔄 3-yr renewal 💵 $225–275 📚 80–140 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,500–2,500/mo for senior maternal/postnatal ward roles at women's hospitals
View full details

Who Needs It

Postnatal ward nurses, antenatal ward nurses, and nurses in combined maternal-newborn settings. Highly relevant for UAE Women's Hospitals, Saudi Maternity Hospitals, and Sidra Women's in Qatar.

Eligibility

Current RN license + 2 years and 2,000 hours in maternal-newborn nursing.

Study Resources

  • NCC Maternal Newborn Review Module (nccwebsite.org)
  • AWHONN Perinatal Nursing textbook
  • Lowdermilk Maternity and Women's Health Care
RNC-OB
Registered Nurse Certified — Inpatient Obstetrics
NCC (National Certification Corporation)
✓ Widely Recognised
📋 175 Questions ⏱ 3 hours 🔄 3-yr renewal 💵 $225–275 📚 80–140 hrs study
💰 +AED 1,500–3,000/mo for senior Labour & Delivery and triage obstetric roles
View full details

Who Needs It

Labour and Delivery nurses, antepartum nurses, and obstetric triage nurses. With high-volume maternity services across GCC private hospitals, RNC-OB holders can negotiate for senior positions and clinical educator roles.

Eligibility

Current RN license + 2 years and 2,000 hours in inpatient obstetrics.

Study Resources

  • NCC Inpatient Obstetric Review Module (nccwebsite.org)
  • AWHONN Fetal Heart Monitoring Course
  • Obstetric Triage and Emergency Care — Martin et al.